from qgis.core import *
from qgis.utils import *

uri=QgsDataSourceURI()
uri.setDatabase('the_database.sqlite')
uri.setDataSource('','(SELECT id, MAX(id), geom FROM the_table)','geom','','id')
vlayer = QgsVectorLayer(uri.uri(), "my_table", "spatialite")
QgsMapLayerRegistry.instance().addMapLayer(vlayer)